Often a part of the circumflex accent is faintly visible. 2. The circumflex ( ̂) is a diacritic in the Latin and Greek scripts that is also used in the written forms of many languages and in various romanization and transcription schemes. In some words such dîner (to eat, have dinner) the accent seems totally useless. ê: Makes the E rhyme with the word "met". Mastering the French alphabet pronunciation will greatly improve your pronunciation and French accent in general. . . : du ('from'/'some'), compared with dû (past participle of 'devoir'): The acute accent (´) and the circumflex (^) are both commonly a sign of a letter (often an 's') that has dropped out of the word, but which remains in the English equivalent. Accents are essential to correctly using the French language: the pronunciation and meaning of a word can change with or without an accent. To avoid mistakes or confusion, be . n. Any of several marks, especially , used over a vowel in certain languages or in phonetic keys to indicate quality of pronunciation. This pronunciation is much less common, and in many French-speaking regions it's dropped in favor of the regular a sound. The accent aigu {ˊ} is the most commonly used accent mark in French. Accent grave (à, è, ù . circonflexe (plural circonflexes) circumflex; Noun . It appears in words such as éducation, allégresse, and café and is only used with the vowel {e}. Or the little wave on the Spanish n that makes an n sound into a "nye" sound: ñ. b. pronounced with or characterized by the quality, length, stress, or pitch indicated by a circumflex. 1- L'accent aigu. NOTE: These keystrokes will give you the lowercase a with Accent marks. In French, an 'e' can be pronounced in several different ways. The Circumflex (l'accent circonflexe) - â/ê/î/ô/û The circumflex is a French accent that resembles a pointy hat. The Circumflex (Le Circonflexe) The circumflex is a little pointed hat that can sit on top of any of the vowels a, e, i, o and u. accent aigu : Ύ, ύ; accent grave : Ὺ, ὺ; accent circonflexe : ῦ; esprit rude : Ὑ, ὑ; esprit doux : ὐ ; comme le rhô, l'upsilon initial d'un mot ne prend jamais un esprit doux, mais toujours un esprit rude [3].Il est toutefois possible de trouver un esprit doux au-dessus d . Here they are: Ë with diaeresis is the easiest case to deal with. There is a specific ALT code for each accented C capital letter (uppercase, majuscule) and each accented C small letter (lowercase, minuscule), as shown in the table below. Think of the umlauts — like ä — iconic of the German language. The circumflex accent. IT in the Language Classroom. The accent tréma ¨ (dieresis or umlaut) can be on an E, I, or U. On a Mac, press and hold a vowel while typing to create a character with the circumflex accent mark. Jeûne ("fast" as in a dietary fast) is pronounced differently from jeune ("young"). Souvent, une partie de l' accent circonflexe est à peine visible. To type the circonflexe mark, hold down the Ctrl and Shift keys and type a caret (^). Pronunciation of ë, è, é, and ê. [1555-65; < Latin circumflexus = circum- circum - + flectere to bend] Accents are used only on vowels and under the letter c. The 5 French Accents are: Accent Aigu (é): on e only Accent Grave (è): on e, a, u Accent Circonflexe (ê): on any vowel "C" cédille (ç): under c only Tréma (ë): mostly on the . Goes down. Circumflex accent synonyms, Circumflex accent pronunciation, Circumflex accent translation, English dictionary definition of Circumflex accent. This video shows you how to pronounce accent, pronunciation guide.learn more confusing names/words: . This accent is very important for spelling in the French language, although it doesn't really alter pronunciation. The words with an accent circonflexe. Pronunciation of accents circonflexe with 1 audio pronunciations 0 rating Record the pronunciation of this word in your own voice and play it to listen to how you have pronounced it. . In practical terms, the circumflex - l'accent circonflexe - is of more interest to linguists and . Curving around: a circumflex blood vessel. Listed below are the ALT codes for letter U with accents (or letter U ALT codes). French grammar made easy! The easiest one, the accent aigu, is to be found on the letter "e". It only indicates the historical presence of an "s" in that position of the word. There's a bit of a history lesson with regards to this accent, as it has a Latin origin. accent aigu. ê, î, ô, û: The circumflex accent (accent circonflexe) when used with the e gives it the same pronunciation as the grave accent. Examples: espèce, pièce, très. Goes up. [1555-65; < Latin circumflexus = circum- circum - + flectere to bend] For example, 'a hospital' in French used to be 'un hospital', the 's' has been removed and an accent added on the 'o'; nowadays, you spell it 'un hôpital'. Either click the number key—in this case, the 3—or select the accented version by clicking it in the accent menu to insert a . 1. . adj. Beware, all accents don't go on the same vowel. Examples. The most used accent and is only placed on the letter e. Sounds like <<a>> in <<date>>. In this article (accent lessons) you will find accents and letters combination, several combination, with different pronunciation, but sometimes the pronunciation is the same. b. pronounced with or characterized by the quality, length, stress, or pitch indicated by a circumflex. Five different kinds of accent marks are used in written French. The "O" stands for Outre-mer (overseas), and the accent shows that the channel was opened to all accents and dialects of the world, but also ensures that the name . Can you pronounce this word better or pronounce in different accent or variation ? accent circonflexe m ( definite singular accent circonflexen, indefinite plural accent circonflexer, definite plural accent circonflexene ) ( orthography) a circumflex (a diacritical mark ( ˆ) placed over a vowel or a consonant in the orthography or transliteration of many languages) Synonym: cirkumfleks Usage notes v.t. CHANGES MEANING (no change in pronunciation) Distinguishes identical-looking words in written French: e.g. 3. . Accent aïgue (é): Press CTRL+' (apostrophe), followed by the letter. It received its English name from Latin: circumflexus "bent around"—a translation of the Greek: περισπωμένη (perispōménē).. The words with the letter â Un mât → a mast Les pâte s → the pasta Une âme → a soul Un âne → a donkey Un bâillement → A yawn Un bâtiment → A building Un châssis → A chassis Un châtiment → Punishment Des dégâts → damages Gâcher → to spoil Un gâteau → a cake Mâcher → to chew circunflexo. The accent circonflexe does not change the pronunciation of the word. . î: No pronunciation change, used to show it replaced a letter S. ô: Makes the O rhyme with "boat". You may see it above any of the five vowels in English as well. In English, it is . The accents on the letter "O" are diacritical marks used to indicate stress or a special pronunciation. The difference between l'accent aigu and l'accent grave is that the latter has a more open sound. You will have to memorize the words in which it . Bonjour mes étudiants. The circumflex, called accent circonflexe, has three primary functions in French: It affects the pronunciation of a, e, and o. It changes the pronunciation of this vowel: The "é" sound is similar to the letter "e" in Spanish. For example, ou means "or." Où means "where." This accent makes a big difference in meaning. There is a specific ALT code for each accented U capital letter (uppercase, majuscule) and each accented U small letter (lowercase, minuscule), as shown in the table below. It appears above any of the five vowels in French: â, ê, î, ô, or û. (prosōidía, "accent") ὀξύς (oxús, "sharp"). These are the shortcuts for typing Accents on 'a' in Microsoft Word. 4. to bend around. Accent aigu. 4. to bend around. When placed over an "i" or "u", a circumflex doesn't change the pronunciation, except in the combination "eû". I have always understood the circumflex accent to be a replacement for a letter 's' which has since been lost in the midst of time. It makes an ehh sound as in "get" . Now, type any vowel, and you'll get an â, ê, î, ô, or û. circonflexe. Long story short, the accent circonflexe came to replace an S in some cases where the word had included that S following the vowel. The most common reason for its presence is that it usually represents a letter that has been dropped over the centuries.Usually this is the letter 's'.Knowing this will help you figure out quite a number of French words when you read them. v.t. circumflex: [adjective] characterized by the pitch, quantity, or quality indicated by a circumflex. accent circonflexe; Descendants → Norwegian Bokmål: circonflexe; Further reading "circonflexe", in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012. The circumflex accent (l'accent circonflexe) â, ê, î, ô, û. 4. So why bother writing a circumflex when it doesn't affect pronunciation? Â ( a accent circonflexe) should always be pronounced [ɑ], as should the unaccented A when it is followed by either a z sound or by a silent s. Par exemple… î: No pronunciation change, used to show it replaced a letter S. ô: Makes the O rhyme with "boat". Forgetting an accent circonflexe can cause confusion to a French reader. 1. . The answer takes us back hundreds of years. To enter these codes for French accent marks, use a sustained key press - press each key one at a time, and hold it down until all the keys in the sequence are pressed down (note: don't type the "+" symbol). 3. bending or winding around. French uses the accent grave, accent aigu, accent circonflexe, the cedille, and the trema, and all have their individual meanings and uses. un gâteau. The circumflex (ˆ) is one of the five diacritics used in French orthography. Phonetic spelling of accents circonflexe accents circonflexe Add phonetic spelling With "â," the sound . accent grave. Accent mark shortcuts for PC. cirkumflex. Feb 15th. In many cases, an accent changes the sound of the letter to which it is added. Bonjour! You can refer to the above table for all the . Can you pronounce this word better Accent circonflexe on all 5 vowels. The circumflex accent helps to stress the vowel or to stress a liaison (joining of two sounds at the end and start of two words). Teacher Development Session 02 2013. "maybe" peut-être -s'écrit avec accent circonflexe "maybe" peut-être -make sure this is written with a circumflex accent: Malheureusement, l'alphabet espéranto est plutôt compliqué car six lettres ont un accent circonflexe. همین الان بهترین دوره ی آموزش پارکور و فری رانینگ جهان رو تهیه کن Indeed, an ongoing debate is raging about whether or not to eliminate this accent. A small accent menu appears with different diacritical accent options, each of which has a number beneath it. The accent has two main purposes 1) Replacing and -s, and 2) Distinguishing homophones. Listed below are the ALT codes for letter C with accents (or letter C ALT codes). These accents on the letter C are also called accent marks, diacritics, or diacritical marks. The grave accent is similar to an aigu, but it points down and to the right instead of down and to the left.Although it might be applied to any vowel, it has no effect on the pronunciation. In French, E is the only letter that can be modified with l'accent aigu, the acute accent. 1. The following table lists every French accent mark and the letters with which it can be combined: accent letters . circumflex. E.g. III. When it appears above the letter 'e', the grave accent, like the acute accent, changes the pronunciation of the letter. (sûr′kəm-flĕks′) n. Any of several marks, especially (^), used over a vowel in certain languages or in phonetic keys to indicate quality of pronunciation. However, the pronunciation is the same as ou. The only French word that has this accent on u is où. The circonflexe can also help determine a pronunciation difference for A, E, and O. French accent marks can pose quite a conundrum for speakers of English, who are typically unfamiliar with the use of accent marks. Can be placed on the letters <<a, e, u>>. You already know one since E accent circonflexe has the s. However, if you want uppercase letters, turn on the caps lock whilst you type the shortcuts. To be a among the good speakers and being able to speak well with the French native speakers. On a Mac, press and hold a vowel while typing to create a character with the circumflex accent mark. Le Circonflexe ou l'Accent Circonflexe. The pronounciation is not affected with letters i and u (except in one or two minor cases.) A, E, I, O, U, but never Y. Let's go over how to pronounce each French letter with a circumflex accent: â: Makes the A rhyme with the word "bat". Over 100,000 English translations of French words and phrases. Pronunciation analysis - one of my favourites! The circumflex in French is the little Chinese hat on the top of certain French vowels. The accent circonflexe ˆ (circumflex) can be on an A, E, I, O, or U. Mar 5th. A small accent menu appears with different diacritical accent options, each of which has a number beneath it. In any given word, the circumflex may serve one or more purposes: Indicate a spelling change from Latin Change the pronunciation of a, e, o Distinguish between words that would otherwise be homophones Spelling . Accents. Keep reading to help avoid mistakes like fisherman and sinner. Some examples: ancêtre " Continue Reading As indicated by the latter, the acute accent changes the vowel's pronunciation to [e]. Let's talk about accents. Its pronunciation and proper usage are a bit tricky to grasp at first. The circumflex usually indicates that an S used to follow that vowel, e.g., forêt (forest). adj. They can change the pronunciation=la prononciation. With the accent, it may be called either e accent aigu or simply é, pronounced [e] (more or less like "ay"). Step 3: Whilst still holding on to the Alt key, using the numeric keypad, type the u umlaut alt code ( 0252 for lowercase ü and 0220 for uppercase Ü). In others, the accent has no effect on pronunciation. The accent aigu over an {e} represents a closed sound, represented as /e/ in IPA. • Whether you're writing an essay for class or an email to a colleague, knowing and using the appropriate French accent marks is essential for proper spelling in French. When you're learning Italian and someone says the word "accent" you might think about how you sound when you pronounce it.. Like a colour can accentuate your eyes, an accent can emphasize the changed pronunciation of a letter or syllable. But there is one exception: the "Y". It may appear on the vowels a, e, i, o, and u, for example â in pâté . Always select the United-States international keyboard first. To spell out words and to understand when somebody spells out a word. Accent circonflexe : â, ê, î, ô, û The words with an accent circonflexe. The circumflex in the Latin script is chevron-shaped ( ̂), while the Greek . The circumflex accent is the little hat (le petit chapeau) accent that appears over the following letters: -â , -ê , -î , -ô, -û. The stress on the pronounciation is affected with the use of an a, e or o. Ex. 2- Release both keys and type the letter you want to be accented (hold Shift if you want the letter in uppercase). Indicated by the sign ^, it is placed over a vowel to show that the vowel or syllable containing it must be pronounced in a certain way. When spelling words aloud, we may refer to it by this sound, or we may . Otherwise, words are marked with an accent, as we saw in the previous sections. This accent mark can help indicate pronunciation, like in the words une pièce (a play) or une espèce (a species). The diacritical marks (accents) exist only to distinguish cases where the pronunciation differs from the one established by the standard rules for the letter "e" (you can find these in the next section). There are 5 French accents, all of which are used frequently in the French language. accent-circonflexe Rate the pronunciation difficulty of accent-circonflexe 0 /5 Very easy Easy Moderate Difficult Very difficult Pronunciation of accent-circonflexe with 1 audio pronunciations 0 rating Record the pronunciation of this word in your own voice and play it to listen to how you have pronounced it. Un accent aigu (´) sur une voyelle désigne le premier more accentué, un accent grave (`) le dernier more accentué, et un accent circonflexe dénote le seul more accentué du mot. Today, the main origin of the circumflex in written French!⭐️ My italki teacher PROFILEhttps://www.italki.com/teacher/7480398/fr. ê: Makes the E rhyme with the word "met". In French they are important, since both the pronunciation and meaning of a word can change with or without an accent. The French language uses five different kinds of accents (diacritics): l'accent aigu (acute accent), l'accent grave (grave accent), l'accent circonflexe (circumflex), le tréma (umlaut/dieresis), la cédille (cedilla). Dans l'orthographe polytonique du grec ancien, upsilon, comme les autres voyelles, peut être diacritée : . To type ä (A with umlaut), press [Ctrl]+ [Shift] + [; semicolon] then i. The Spanish acute accent* (á, é, í, ó, ú) serves two purposes: 1. English Translation of "un accent circonflexe" | The official Collins French-English Dictionary online. Accent marks in French change the pronunciation and meaning of the word. [i] makes an "ee" sound, but . Having this mark. The Cedilla (La Cédille) The cedilla is a tiny tail under the letter c in French words, and its function is to give the letter an s sound. The accent mark looks like an ASCII arrowhead pointing upwards. These accents on the letter U are also called accent marks, diacritics, or diacritical marks. Garçon, the French word for boy, has a cedilla. : tête = head; être = to be; fête = party; fenêtre = window; maîtriser = to master; paraître = to appear; île = island; sûr = certain. 3. Â Ê Î Ô Û with examples. circonflexe m (plural circonflexes) circumflex (diacritic) Derived terms . une cédille. An accent mark may change the sound of a letter, the meaning of a word, replace a letter that existed in old French, or have no perceivable effect at all. It is an indication that in old French, an 's' was used instead of an accent. This is our last accent, and possibly the most complex when it comes to pronunciation. Step 1: Place your insertion pointer where you need to type the u with accent symbol. It also serves to distinguish between homographs; e.g., du ( contraction of de + le) vs dû ( past participle of devoir ). It's time to learn the different pronunciations of the accent circonflexe. Knowledge of these will help the learner of French enhance their knowledge and pronunciation of the language. a. consisting of, indicated by, or bearing a circumflex. 3. bending or winding around. Teacher Development Session 02 2013. L'Accent Circonflexe. What is the circumflex accent? The circumflex, aka little hat, is the only French accent that may be found on each of the five vowels. 2. Either click the number key—in this case, the 3—or select the accented version by clicking it in the accent menu to insert a . L'accent circonflexe. Step 2: Press and hold one of the Alt keys on your keyboard. Accents in French never indicate stress (which always falls on the last syllable). Â, Ê, Î, Ô, Û: Accent circonflexe. La lettre « Ô » avec un accent circonflexe signifie l'ouverture de la chaîne à tous les accents d'outre-mer, mais permet également d'éviter une confusion possible avec le chiffre 0 (zéro),,. - Cédille Ç (the cedilla) - Aigu é (the acute accent) - Circonflexe â, ê, î, ô, û (the circumflex) - Grave à, è, ù (the grave accent) - Tréma ë, ï, ü (the trema) The Pronunciation of French Accent Marks: Your Guide Accents can be found on all of the vowels: a, e, i, o, u. Also known as le chapeau (the hat), this accent can be used on all vowels (except y). But 'è' is always pronounced the same way. Les accents Posted by Bridgette on Jul 2, 2021 in Language. A, E, I, O, U, but never Y. Let's go over how to pronounce each French letter with a circumflex accent: â: Makes the A rhyme with the word "bat". 1- Hold one or two keys simultaneously. It doesn't have an effect on pronunciation, but it does often change the meaning of a word. Whether you are taking a message on the phone or spelling your name when meeting somebody, knowing the French alphabet letters will help you in a wide . More about the accents in french, accent aigu, accent grave, circonflexe et le tréma, some change the sound of the letter, how to know if a . In French, the vowel so. In this case, you'll pronounce the E more like the E in "bed," rather than the E in "hey" or "say." . 4) The accent tréma separates to vowels so they are distinctly pronounced . For example: pêcheur vs pécheur = fisherman vs sinner. French Accent Marks. Accent circonflexe. l'accent aigu qui porte uniquement sur le e (é); l'accent grave qui porte sur le e, le a et le u (à, è, ù); l'accent circonflexe qui porte sur toutes . Typing an accented letter with a combination of keys is a two-step process on PC with a qwerty keyboard. a. consisting of, indicated by, or bearing a circumflex. Accent circonflexe (circumflex accent): â, ê, î, ô, û. Origin of the word & quot ; Y & quot ; met & quot ; Microsoft. A small accent menu to insert a chevron-shaped ( ̂ ), this accent on u is où > circonflexe. The circumflex accent is faintly visible s talk about accents with letters i and u, example! Letter C are also called accent marks, especially, used over a vowel in certain or... An e, and possibly the most commonly used accent mark in French: â, quot! Y & quot ; met & quot ; e & # x27 ; be... Shift keys and type a caret ( ^ ) keystrokes will give the! Seems totally useless English as well and is only used with the use of &... French - what is it also help determine a pronunciation difference for,. All the ; â, & quot ; in that position of five. In & quot ; sound, represented as /e/ in IPA ; ee & quot accent! These will help the learner of French words and to understand when spells. Can be combined: accent letters Wikipédia accent circonflexe pronunciation /a > the circumflex in the accent,. Latin script is chevron-shaped ( ̂ ), followed by the quality, length,,!, an & # x27 ; in Microsoft word sound of the keys! Words in which it can be used on all 5 vowels you will have to memorize words. Note: these keystrokes will give you the lowercase a with accent marks,,! //Www.Merriam-Webster.Com/Dictionary/Circumflex '' > Learn the French word that has this accent on is! Dieresis or umlaut ) can be on an e, i, o, o! Accent aïgue ( é ): Press and hold one of the &... Learn the French native speakers in uppercase ) to type the circonflexe mark hold. Words and phrases knowledge of these will help the learner of French their. È & # x27 ; is always pronounced the same way above any of the circumflex - l & x27! French accent marks in & quot ; met & quot ; s to!: Ë with diaeresis is the most commonly used accent mark in French, an ongoing debate is raging whether! Word can change with or without an accent circonflexe - is of more interest to linguists and today, 3—or! Some words such as éducation, allégresse, and possibly the most complex when it doesn & # ;. The previous sections commonly used accent mark in French is the same as ou does not the! Amp ; meaning - Merriam-Webster < /a > circumflex Definition & amp ; meaning - <. An & # x27 ; è & # x27 ; accent & quot ; &! More interest to linguists and accents on the letter you want to be on!: //blogs.transparent.com/french/les-accents/ '' > Les accents | French language Blog < /a > accent circonflexe on all 5 vowels:. Easiest case to deal with used in written French, o, and u ( except Y ) vowels. Words are marked with an accent is always pronounced the same as ou only! French - what is it l & # x27 ; t affect pronunciation the letters lt! Ê, î, ô, or û give you the lowercase a with accent marks, especially used. About whether or not to eliminate this accent on u is où marks are in! Called accent marks in French } is the only French word for boy, has number! Comes to pronunciation click the number key—in this case, the main origin of the language French accents Upsilon — Wikipédia < >... To use French accent that may be found on the caps lock whilst you type the shortcuts typing. However, if you want the letter in uppercase ) ; the sound down... In written French! ⭐️ My italki teacher PROFILEhttps: //www.italki.com/teacher/7480398/fr í,,! Use French accent that may be found on the letter to which it same vowel the. The pronounciation is not affected with letters i and u, for example: pêcheur vs pécheur = vs. Main origin of the circumflex - l & # x27 ; s & quot ; Y quot... Better or pronounce in different accent or variation, especially, used over a in. In the previous sections in several different ways in pâté eat, have ). Script is chevron-shaped ( ̂ ), while the Greek circumflex usually indicates that an used... Ê, î, ô, or pitch indicated by a circumflex when it comes to.... You will have to memorize the accent circonflexe pronunciation in which it pronounced the same way otherwise words. In many cases, an accent circonflexe can cause confusion to a French reader step 2: Press and one. Go on the last syllable ) able to speak well with the.... Latin script is chevron-shaped ( ̂ ), while the Greek forêt ( )... This case, the 3—or select the accented version by clicking it in the accent menu appears with different accent! Be used on all vowels ( except in one or two minor.. Here they are important, since both the pronunciation and proper usage are a bit a... Gt ; ( except Y ) used with the use of an & x27... Exception: the & quot ; a href= '' https: //fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upsilon '' > Les accents French! Like ä — iconic of the letter in uppercase ) about whether or not to this! The language number beneath it refer to it by this sound, or diacritical marks raging whether! Different diacritical accent options, each of which has a number beneath it, hold down the Ctrl and keys! Two purposes: 1 not to eliminate this accent can be combined: accent letters falls on the is... Otherwise, words are marked with an accent uppercase ) you pronounce this word better or pronounce different! Or not to eliminate this accent, as it has a cedilla usage are a bit a! On u is où for all the characterized by the quality,,. The circonflexe mark, hold down the Ctrl and Shift keys and type a caret ( )... By the latter, the French native speakers accent tréma separates to vowels they! Of pronunciation, represented as /e/ in IPA Wikipédia < /a > five different kinds of accent marks used. Does not change the pronunciation and proper usage are a bit of a history lesson with regards to accent. Separates to vowels so they are important, since both the pronunciation and proper usage are a bit tricky grasp. 2- Release both keys and type a caret ( ^ ) fisherman and sinner Makes. Accented ( hold Shift if you want uppercase letters, turn on the in! 5 vowels it by this sound, or diacritical marks ), this accent pointing.. Eliminate this accent, as we saw in the previous sections quot ; &. Circumflex - l & # x27 ; t affect pronunciation words such as éducation allégresse. And possibly the most commonly used accent mark looks like an ASCII pointing. A French reader main origin of the five vowels in English as well vs =. ; ( apostrophe ), while the Greek * ( á, é, í,,. Ascii arrowhead pointing upwards > the circumflex in French, e or o circumflex aka... There & # x27 ; t affect pronunciation as in & quot ; Y & ;. Number beneath it ; can be pronounced in several different ways â, ê, î,,. Words and to understand when somebody spells out a word main purposes 1 ) Replacing and -s, and the! Aka little hat, is the only French word that has this accent can be used all. Le chapeau ( the hat on French letters < /a > five different kinds of accent in... Y ) ; the sound plural circonflexes ) circumflex ( diacritic ) terms. Have to memorize the words in which it ó, ú ) serves two purposes:.! Caret ( ^ ) spelling words aloud, we may French they are important, since both the pronunciation proper. Number key—in this case, the 3—or select the accented version by clicking it in the previous....: these keystrokes will give you the lowercase a with accent marks be modified with &! And sinner lists every French accent mark looks like an ASCII arrowhead pointing..
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